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Cologne Charterhouse ((ドイツ語:Kölner Kartause)) was a Carthusian monastery or charterhouse established in the Severinsviertel district, in the present Altstadt-Süd, of Cologne, Germany. Founded in 1334, the monastery developed into the largest charterhouse in Germany〔Rita Wagner: ''Eine kleine Geschichte der Kölner Kartause St. Barbara'', in: ''Die Kölner Kartause um 1500. Eine Reise in unsere Vergangenheit.'' Exhibition guide, Cologne 1991, p. 48〕 until it was forcibly dissolved in 1794 by the invading French Revolutionary troops. The building complex was then neglected until World War II, when it was mostly destroyed. The present building complex is very largely a post-war reconstruction. Since 1928 the Carthusian church, dedicated to Saint Barbara, has belonged to the Protestant congregation of Cologne. == Antecedents and foundation == Prior to the foundation of Cologne Charterhouse there were already 113 charterhouses throughout Europe, of which 30 were in Germany,〔Christel Schneider, ''Die Kölner Kartause von ihrer Gründung bis zum Ausgang des Mittelalters'', Köln 1932, p. 13〕 but none in the Archdiocese of Cologne. Walram of Jülich, who became Archbishop of Cologne in 1332, had become acquainted before his elevation with the Carthusians in France, and had come to respect them. His desire to found a Carthusian monastery in Cologne was doubtless reinforced by the examples of the nearby bishoprics of Mainz and Trier, who had already founded charterhouses in 1312 and 1321/1322 respectively. Over and above that, Saint Bruno, the founder of the Carthusian Order, had been born in Cologne, and for this reason also it seemed appropriate to establish a Carthusian presence in his home-town. The foundation occurred in a period of mystic piety, which brought about a golden age for the Carthusians generally,〔Rainer Sommer: ''Die Kölner Kartause 1334-1928'' in: ''Die Kartause in Köln.'' Festschrift, Köln 1978, p. 19〕 in which increasingly the enclosed Carthusian monks settled also in urban environments without giving up their enclosed and secluded way of life. On 6 December 1334 Archbishop Walram issued the foundation charter of Cologne Charterhouse: :''We, Walram, by the grace of God Archbishop of the holy church in Cologne and Arch-chancellor of the Holy Empire for Italy, do make known to all men who read these presents that we, for the salvation of our soul and for the sake of the especial favour with which we look upon the Carthusian order, have made the following ordinance, so that this order might grow in our diocese and that the memory of us should endure within this order, namely: for the building of the monastic church and of a monastery of this order in our city of Cologne we grant hereby to the Prior () the income of 100 ''malter'' of wheat annually... Given in Cologne on St. Nicholas the Bishop's Day in the year 1334.''〔quoted (German ) by Rita Wagner: ''Eine kleine Geschichte...", p. 30: ''Wir, Walram, durch Gottes Gnade Erzbischof der heiligen Kirche von Köln und Erzkanzler des heiligen Reiches für Italien, tun allen, die diese Urkunde lesen, kund, daß wir zum Heile unserer Seele und um der besonderen Gunst willen, mit der wir dem Kartäuserorden zugetan sind, folgende Anordnung getroffen haben, damit dieser Orden in unserer Diözese wachse und in diesem Orden immerfort unser gedacht werde: Für den Bau der Klosterkirche und eines Klosters dieses Ordens in unserer Stadt Köln weisen wir hiermit dem Prior () die Einkünfte von 100 Maltern Weizen jährlich zu () Gegeben in Köln, im Jahre 1334, am Tag des hl. Bischofs Nikolaus.''〕 From 1389 the ''Sencte Mertinsvelt'' ("St. Martin's Field") in the south of the district of St. Severin was given over for the use of the Carthusians: according to the legend, Saint Martin himself instructed Bishop Walram in a dream to do so. On this plot of land there had been since about the beginning of the 13th century a little chapel dedicated to Saint Barbara, which was now renovated for Carthusian use with the financial assistance of the Cologne patrician families of Scherffgin and Lyskirchen. In addition the families of Lyskirchen and Overstolz made gifts of extra agricultural land, and in that way the material prerequisites for the commencement of the life of the order were assured. This was the last monastic foundation in Cologne until the 16th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cologne Charterhouse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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